两系杂交稻制种的气候适应性研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

邓芳萍姚克敏  苏高利 《应用气象学报》2003,14(2):236-244

研究两系杂交稻的首要不育系———培矮64S制种的气候适应性, 一方面可为两系杂交稻的生产提供决策参考, 另一方面也可为其它不育系的研究提供借鉴。分析气候适应性时, 首先利用播种—抽穗天数及其对应的气象资料, 建立发育期模型; 然后利用自交结实率资料及其对应的气象资料建立育性量化模型, 并求出育性转换的光温指标; 最后将我国稻区35个站点42年 (1951~1992年) 的气象资料代入发育期模型, 求出各站点的可能出穗持续期 (最早出穗期—最晚出穗期的历期), 对比育性转换的光温指标, 确定培矮64S在80%、90%和95%保证率下连续不育 (可育) 的初、终日, 将连续不育期作为生产杂交稻种子的季节, 将连续可育期作为繁殖培矮64S的季节。结果显示:培矮64S仅能在海南岛及云贵高原中低海拔地区自交繁殖; 而在东北、云贵高原以外的稻区, 培矮64S均可用于生产两系杂交稻的种子, 各稻区制种季节的长短、起止日期与种植地的纬度、海拔高度相关。  相似文献   

CO₂和O₃浓度倍增及其交互作用对大豆影响的试验研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

白月明  王春乙  温民  黄辉 《应用气象学报》2003,14(2):245-251

以大豆“中黄-14”为试验材料, 利用OTC-1型农田开顶式气室, 首次模拟研究单独CO₂和O₃浓度倍增及其交互作用对大豆生物量、产量及其构成因子、同化产物分配形式和收获指数的影响。与未通CO₂和O₃的处理相比, 单独CO₂浓度倍增对生物量、产量、荚果串数、荚数、籽粒数、籽粒重具有正效应, O₃为明显的负效应, 通气时段越长效果越明显; 持续的CO₂浓度和O₃浓度倍增交互作用表现为CO₂的影响大于O₃; CO₂和O₃交互作用逐渐达到浓度倍增的处理, 由于O₃剂量逐渐累积和阶段性增加, 对大豆刺激逐渐增强, 最终O₃的负效应与CO₂的正效应相近。单独O₃浓度倍增抑制光合产物向根和籽粒的输送, 向叶茎的输送明显增强, 使根冠比 (RSR)、子粒与茎杆比 (GCR) 明显下降, 长期作用可使大豆收获指数 (HI) 减小, 叶重比 (LWR) 显著增加, 且随通气时间的延长影响增大; CO₂浓度倍增及其交互作用对RSR、LWR、GCR和HI影响相对较小, 仅在±10%左右。  相似文献   

Remote sensing and geomorphometry for studying relief production in high mountains   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Michael P. Bishop  John F. Shroder  Jr.  Jeffrey D. Colby 《Geomorphology》2003,55(1-4):345

Mountain topography is the result of highly scale-dependent interactions involving climatic, tectonic, and surface processes. No complete understanding of the geodynamics of mountain building and topographic evolution yet exists, although numerous conceptual and physical models indicate that surficial erosion plays a significant role. Mapping and assessing landforms and erosion in mountain environments is essential in order to understand landscape denudation and complex feedback mechanisms. This requires the development and evaluation of new approaches in remote sensing and geomorphometry. The research herein evaluates the problem of topographic normalization of satellite imagery and demonstrates the use of terrain analysis using a digital elevation model (DEM) to evaluate the relief structure of the landscape in the western Himalaya. We specifically evaluated the Cosine-correction and Minnaert-correction methods to reduce spectral variation in imagery caused by the topography. Semivariogram analyses of the topography were used to examine the relationships between relief and surface processes. Remote-sensing results indicate that the Minnaert-correction method can be used to reduce the “topographic effect” in satellite imagery for mapping, although extreme radiance values are the result of not accounting for the diffuse-skylight and adjacent-terrain irradiance. Geomorphometry results indicate that river incision and glaciation can generate extreme relief, although the greatest mesoscale relief is produced by glaciation at high altitudes. At intermediate altitudes, warm-based glaciation was found to decrease relief. Our results indicate that glaciation can have a differential influence on the relief structure of the landscape. Collectively, our results indicate that scale-dependent analysis of the topography is required to address radiation transfer issues and the polygenetic nature of landscape denudation and relief production.  相似文献   

1:50000 DLG生产中地名库数据的应用     

李亚东  韩嘉福  陆宇红 《测绘与空间地理信息》2003,26(2):57-59

根据生产实际,通过对地名库数据的分析和DLG生产对地名库数据的要求分析,在对ARCINFO软件的开发基础上,提出了快速有效实现地名库数据导入DLG中的方法.  相似文献   

北京地区未来1～3天昼夜气温预报模型          下载免费PDF全文

胡江林  张德山  王志斌  陈正洪 《气象》2005,31(1):67-68

采用T2 1 3数值天气预报产品资料和北京市观象台 ( 5451 1 )实时地面气象观测资料 ,运用神经网络方法 ,建立了北京市观象台 (东郊 )未来 1～ 3天 ( 0～ 72h)夜间、白天、全天平均气温及夜间最低、白天最高气温共 5项气温的预报模式 ,经检验 ,预报的均方根误差 <2℃ ,可满足供热调度节能工作的迫切需要。  相似文献   

气候变化对中国中纬度半干旱草原生产力影响机理的模拟研究   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

季劲钧  黄玫  刘青 《气象学报》2005,63(3):257-266

应用大气植被相互作用模式(AVIM)模拟了内蒙古半干旱草原的净初级生产力和生物量。在此基础上,通过气温和降水变化的敏感性控制试验探讨了气候变化对草地初级生产力的影响机理。研究表明,无论是降水或温度的变化对草地的生产力都有显著影响。降水增加,生产力增加。而温度增加,生产力下降。气候变化对生产力影响的机理是:降水增加改善了土壤的水分供给条件,增强了光合速率,从而提高了生产力。温度增高,一方面可以增加光合速率,另一方面却使蒸散加强,土壤变干,光合速率下降,而后一作用过程在半干旱地区大于前者,因而温度增高使生产力下降。单一气候因子敏感性试验表明,温度增高或降低2℃,年净初级生产力(NPP)变化约20%,中纬度半干旱草地地上生物量可以改变30%以上。降水量变化50%,年NPP改变37%,地上生物量将改变近30%。  相似文献   

GIS数据生产中几个关键问题的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

储征伟 《现代测绘》2005,28(3):42-43,46

GIS数据生产是GIS基础地理数据库系统建立的基础，本文通过对GIS数据生产中一些关键问题的研究，并结合生产实践对具体问题给出了解决的方案。  相似文献   

MicroStation J项目定制的研究     

顾芒  陈泽民  许友清  沙富家 《现代测绘》2005,28(4):37-39,42

简略介绍了MicroStation J下的项目定制的机制、项目设置文件中主要字段的含义、项目的目录结构以及自定义用户的项目内容等。最后介绍了结合江苏省1：50000DLG生产而开发的项目定制实例。  相似文献   

Effects of clay mineral turbidity on dissolved organic carbon and bacterial production     

Todd Tietjen  Anssi V. Vähätalo  Robert G. Wetzel 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2005,67(1):51-60

  相似文献   

Sm–Nd isotopic investigation of Neoproterozoic and Cretaceous igneous rocks from southern Brazil: A study of magmatic processes     

Maria do Carmo P. Gastal  Jean Michel Lafon  Lo Afraneo Hartmann  Edinei Koester 《Lithos》2005,82(3-4):345-377

Nd-evolutionary paths for diversified igneous suites from southern Brazil are here re-evaluated using published results. We interpret the ε_Nd paths considering the secondary fractionation of ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd due to major petrogenetic processes. The inclusion of Nd isotopes and geochemical data for Precambrian and Mesozoic basic rocks allow improving the discussion on the subcontinental lithosphere beneath southern Brazil. Late Neoproterozoic rocks, mostly granitoids, are exposed in two regions of the southern Brazilian shield, an eastern collisional belt and a western foreland. The latter included two geotectonic domains amalgamated at this time, the São Gabriel Arc (900–700 Ma), and the Taquarembó cratonic block. Magma genesis mainly involved mixture of crustal and incompatible-element-enriched mantle components, both with a long residence time. Continental segments are the Neoarchaean–Paleoproterozoic lower crust (ca. 2.55 Ga) in the western foreland, and Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic recycled crust (2.1–0.8 Ga) in the collisional belt. Granitoids with a single crustal derivation are limited in the southern Brazilian Shield. Mixing processes are well-registered in the western foreland, where the re-enriched old mantle was probably mixed with a 900–700 Ma-old subducted lithosphere and a 2.55 Ga-old lower crust. The contribution of the latter increased from the early 605–580 Ma to the later 575–550 Ma Neoproterozoic events, which may be due either to crustal thickening or to delamination of the lithosphere. Magma sources were diversified in the 660–630 Ma collisional belt. Initially, they involved the mixing between two components with similar Nd isotopic ratios, a 2.1–0.8 Ga-old recycled crust and a subduction-processed old mantle. Regional heating and abundant production of granitic melts, with diversified contribution of enriched mantle components, mark the end of the collisional period, at 630–580 Ma. We can also attribute this to the delamination of the lithosphere, so that the same geodynamic process may explain the magmatism in the whole shield at the end of the Dom Feliciano Orogeny. Mesozoic rocks include flood basalts from the Cretaceous Paraná Province and sub-coeval alkalic suites. Multiple processes of metasomatism affected the lithospheric mantle, resulting in some complexity but they mainly register two enriched-mantle components, both generated during Neoarchaean–Paleoproterozoic events. One end-member has a more pronounced subduction signature. The other one probably resulted from the re-enrichment of the first component at the end of the Camboriú collisional orogeny (2.0 Ga).  相似文献